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Looks like I need to post this again.
That's a nice infographic, but must we not draw a vertical line somewhere on that spectrum to say what is allowed in women's sport? It seems unreasonable to allow everything on the spectrum as women's sports would be dominated by people from the male end of the spectrum.
Sure, but do you think that's the test they're doing? Are they testing for the various SRY mutations? Multiple X chromosomes? Multiple Y? Genes that impact hormone regulation?
There are certainly issues with sport categories that are designed to be for something other than the elite in their field, but I don't expect nuance from the same groups that banned a boxer because she wasn't sufficiently attractive.
I mean they state right there what kind of test they are doing (but perhaps you didn't read it or missed that part?):
So they are testing for the presence of the Y chromosome. Not sure if that covers any of the questions you asked there but presumably no. But again, we must draw the line somewhere and "presence of the Y chromosome" doesn't seem to be an unreasonable way to determine that line - at the very least it sounds like a very unambiguous way to draw the line. But I am not an expert so I won't speak with any confidence about this.
So this test probably won't catch someone who is XY, but missing the SRY gene. I'm not sure if it will detect a mutated SRY gene, and I don't pretend to be an expert. I also can't be sure if thos test will catch someone who is XX with an SRY gene, which is also a thing, nor if it will catch XX/XY mosaicism. And those are the easy ones.
The fact of the matter is, internationally competitive athletes are a group of 0.1% or less, and people with abnormal sex genes, let alone abnormal genes in general, fall into the 0.5% to 1% category. What do you think the overlap is in two groups of outliers?
Edit: Extra reading. Note the 24 genetic variations (that we know of) that count as intersex.
Well, seeing as people with abnormal sex genes may have an advantage in competitive women's sports, you would actually expect to see a significant amount of that "outlier" group in the group of top athletes, as there is a selection happening. You're right that if you chose independently at random from people who are top athletes and people who have abnormal sex genes, the overlap would be incredibly small. But sports is not a random selection at all. At the top of sports, even the smallest advantage means the difference between winning and losing, so even small variations (like those caused by abnormal sex genes) may give significant advantages (perhaps even "unfair" advantages).
And to that, I'll reiterate my second paragraph previously.