The text on the adapter indicates it is for rotors 160 OR 180mm in diameter, depending on the fork design. The flat mount on your fork was designed for 160mm, but there are also flat mounts on other bikes designed for other standard sizes. Contact your fork manufacturer to confirm whether you can fit a 180mm rotor.
Even if a 180mm rotor physically fits, that's only part of the equation. Increasing rotor size increases the moment arm being applied to the fork leg. The fork needs to be designed for the potentially higher forces. YMMV, and be aware that snapping your fork/frame is a real possibility when increasing rotor size. That said, 160—>180 doesn't result in a major increase in moment, but primarily increases cooling area.
